Activity Profile between Winners and Losers of Silat Olahraga Male Athletes in SEA Games 2015 Men’s 50kg Class A Final (INDONESIA VS VIETNAM)
Abstract
The main objective of this study is
to identify the technique that used by the athletes that contribute to winning
and losing of silat olahraga match in SEA Games Singapore 2015. The data that
collected are observations base on video downloaded from YouTube. The analysis
are focus on Silat Olahraga Men’s Class A Final Indonesia vs. Vietnam (Day 9)
and followed by another 4 video analysis from my group mate from different
classes which is Quarterfinal class A 50kg, Indonesia VS Singapore,
Quarterfinal class A 50kg, Malaysia VS Thailand, Semifinal class A 50kg,
Indonesia VS Philippines . The indicator
that highlighted in this study are stated in material and methods section. The
result from this video is, Vietnam win the game and Indonesia lose.
Introduction
Silat is the
art of self-defense in indigenous to ethnic Malays and has its origin in South
East Asia, dating as far back as the 13th century (Aziz, Tan, & Teh, 2002). According to Aziz et al. (2002) to, silat was practiced by the native people in their struggle
against their colonial rulers and with the withdrawal of the latter, silat gradually
turned into cultural activity and was used for ceremonial and recreational
purpose. Silat now days, has become a competitive sport event and It has been
accepted by different background of people. The competitive silat games are
separated by different classes (weight and gander) and it has its own point
calculation base on player motion and techniques during game.
Each technique used by the fighter is
important to help them earn point during the match. This study, research
notated technique are used in defensive and offensive movements such as in
another martial art movement. The technique of the silat was
collected from 14 action motion categories by (Shapie, Nizam, Oliver, O'donoghue,
& Tong, 2013) to
determine the technique cause of winning and losing in silat olahraga 28th sea
games 2015.In high-performance silat fighter, they have awareness and
understanding in how to deliberate exact technique during match. All the
techniques are required lots of practice and experience.
Material and Method
The video are taken from YouTube be
the medium to analyze this study. The silat olahraga Men’s Class A Final
Indonesia vs. Vietnam on SEA Games Singapore 2015 are selected to be the
material. Class A is referring to the weight of the player which is 50kg for
the tournament. The technique of silat fighter action will be determine by 14
motion categories (Shapie et al., 2013)
This is the motion that involves are
punch, kick, block, catch, topple, sweep, dodge, self-release, block and punch,
block and kick, block and sweep, fake punch, fake kick and other. The action
movement of Indonesia and Vietnam men’s fighter will be noted base on the video
during the match. The data acquired was organized and analyzing using SPSS
Software.
Motion categories.
14 different types of categories and defined as follows:
Punch:
·
The punch ‘tumbuk’ attack is done by
a hand with a closed fist hitting the target. In silat punching is often used
to fight the opponent. It can be a straight punch ‘tumbuk lurus’ or uppercut
‘sauk’ to the exponent body’s (Shapie et al., 2013).
·
Kick:
The kick ‘tendang / terajang’ is an attacking movement which is
performed with one leg or two legs simultaneously. A kick can be aimed at any
target. It can be front kick ‘tendang depan’, side-kick ‘depak’ or semi-circular
side kick ‘tendang lengkar’(Shapie et al., 2013).
Block:
·
The blocking movements begin with
the posture position ‘sikap pasang’: the exponent stands straight with his
hands around his body or close to his chest. Blocking or parrying ‘tangkisan’
can be done using arms, elbows and legs with the purpose to block off or
striking back at any attack (Shapie et al., 2013).
Catch:
·
The catch ‘tangkapan’ is done by
using the hand to obstruct the opponent from carrying out an attack. The silat
exponent is able to prevent himself from being attacked by pointing the attack
which he has caught to another direction. A catch which twists or drags the
opponent is forbidden. Also, a catch which could break the part which is being
held such as the leg and waist is also forbidden. These regulations exist to
protect the silat exponent’s (Shapie et al., 2013).
Topple:
·
There are various ways of toppling
down one’s opponent. For example, a silat exponent ‘pesilat’ can either push,
shove the opponent’s back leg from the bag or from the side, shove, hit, kick,
strike or punch to make the opponent lose his balance. Every fall is considered
valid as long as the silat exponent topples his opponent down without wrestling
or he is able to overpower the opponent whom he has brought down (Shapie et al., 2013).
Sweep:
·
Swiping ‘sapuan’ involves attacking
an opponent’s leg which are on the ground to unstabilise him and bring down to
the ground. A silat exponent can perform this attacking movement either with
his right or left leg, Hence, front sweep ‘sapuan depan’ is done by swinging
the leg to the front to push an opponent’s front leg, while back sweep ‘sapuan
belakang’ is carried out by swinging the leg backward to hit the back leg (Shapie et al., 2013)
Evade/Dodge:
·
The evade ‘elakan’ technique is
carried out by silat exponent when he tries to evade an attack. This technique
does not require the silat exponent to touch the opponent in fending off the
attack. They are many ways of carrying out his defensive movement such as
dodging ‘gelek’, retreat ‘mundur’, evasion to the side ‘elak sisi’, bending
‘elak serung’, jumping ‘lonjak’, ducking ‘susup’ and etc (Shapie et al., 2013).
Self-Release:
·
Self-release ‘lepas tangkapan’
technique is a technique to unlock any clinch or catch from an opponent (Shapie et al., 2013).
Block and Punch:
·
The blocking technique is used to
block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using
the hand to punch the opponent (Shapie et al., 2013).
Block and Kick:
·
The blocking technique is used to
block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack
using the leg to kick the opponent (Shapie et al., 2013).
Block and Sweep:
·
The blocking technique is used to
block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack
using sweeping technique to the opponent (Shapie et al., 2013).
Fake Punch:
·
An action which a silat exponent
intends to confuse the opponent using a fake punch to break his opponent’s
defensive posture (Shapie et al., 2013).
Fake Kick:
·
An action which a silat exponent
intends to confuse the opponent using a fake kick to break his opponent
defensive posture (Shapie et al., 2013).
Others:
·
Both silat exponents are either in
posture position ‘sikap pasang’ or coming close to each other using silat step
pattern ‘pola langkah’(Shapie et al., 2013).
v All the activities are considered high intensity except for others
which at that time both silat exponents are in low intensity periods.
Reliability of Observation.
The video are analyzed and observed two times in separated by 48
hours. It about 30 minute observations on the video to analyzed the motion of
each player.
Statistical Analysis
All the raw data collected from all
matches. Used the system produce by Shapie et al. (2013). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS Version 24 and
hands on techniques by using formula. A descriptive analysis was used to
determine the different of performance between winner and loser in silat olahraga
matches.
Results
The first match is Final Class A 50kg, Indonesia VS Vietnam
(Vietnam won)
Action
|
Hit Target
|
Hit Elsewhere
|
Miss Target
|
Total
|
|||
Lose
|
Win
|
Lose
|
Win
|
Lose
|
Win
|
||
Block
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
||||
Block and kick
|
|||||||
Block and punch
|
|||||||
Block and sweep
|
|||||||
Kick
|
4
|
4
|
3
|
6
|
1
|
18
|
|
Fake Kick
|
3
|
2
|
5
|
||||
Punch
|
1
|
1
|
|||||
Fake Punch
|
2
|
1
|
3
|
||||
Self-release
|
1
|
2
|
2
|
3
|
8
|
||
Toople
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
3
|
|||
Sweep
|
4
|
4
|
5
|
9
|
3
|
25
|
|
Catch
|
5
|
3
|
1
|
9
|
|||
Dodge
|
7
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
1
|
13
|
|
Others
|
|||||||
Total
|
23
|
20
|
14
|
18
|
4
|
8
|
87
|
Final Class A 50kg, Indonesia VS Vietnam (Vietnam won)
Group statistic.
Frequency Table.
Overall statistic
Action: 14 motion of silat olahraga
State: Vietnam and Indonesia
Target: Hit target, hit elsewhere, miss opponent.
Final Class A 50kg, Indonesia VS Vietnam (Vietnam won)
Discussion
Base on the result from all the
matches in class A, all the match won by Indonesia fighter, except at final
tournament Indonesia was lose to Vietnam. For the first match Quarterfinal
class A 50kg, Indonesia VS Singapore, Semifinal class A 50kg, Indonesia VS
Philippines and Final Class A 50kg, Indonesia VS Vietnam. Based on result, it
show that, the total of frequency table
for Indonesia is 50, 35, 53, 18, we can see the decrements of frequency in
attacking and defensive and at final game, Indonesia just score 18 frequency of
attacking and defensive. Compare to Vietnam that score 29. This total frequency
are comprises from all the 14 motion that we discuss in Material and method
section.
For the analysis, the fighter has to
develop lower body strength because base on the video, the sweep is not enough
strength to take down the opponent. Next, agility of the athletes should be
improve in order to dodge or block when get attack. All the fitness component
must been taking care as good as the fighter can, to perform well in the
tournament. Psychological area should be implemented well to help the fighter
prepare to face the opponent.
Conclusion
As conclusion, technique is the main
factor that can cause the player win or lose the match. Exponent who has great
technique in sweep and topples has high chance to win the games. Kicking
techniques also play important roles for silat fighter because this is basic
techniques and most used in the match for attacking or defensive. The
efficiency in their training had been proven by their technique in controlling
the game.
In addition, Physical strength of
silat fighter should been taking care as good as possible, because the result
from good strength it can be improve in preforming the techniques in a right
posture and great force. It was showed physical; technique and fitness assist
in martial art performances.
Recommendation
Specific studies that can determine
the exact technique that efficiently to causes the winning and losing during
last round of the match in silat olahraga. A technique is important for silat
fighter to mastery because can affect the game in the match especially last
round of the match. When doing the action with proper technique, it does help
the silat fighter to hit the target more effectively.
Therefore, technique or skill can
contribute in awareness besides train decision making in short time. Yet, the
right technique should be parallel with reaction time training. Nonetheless, by
training continuously in one technique for a prolonged time can improve their
technique in more accurate. Hit target will be the main objectives in for
getting point during the match. For indication, miss target and hit elsewhere
can be decreasing from phase to phase.
One of the factors that could help
the fighter be more ready is by have a good rest and good quality of sleep.
During the competition the intense will increase each day, and this could give
a huge impact toward mantel toughness. Due to that situation, the fighter
experience stress and will increase the cortisol level, and this could impaired
the next performance According to Song et al. (2015), sleep play important roles in the regulation of plasma cortisol
concentration. Good quality of sleep can be good therapy in mantel relaxation.
References
Aziz, A. R., Tan, B., & Teh, K. C.
(2002). Physiological responses during matches and profile of elite pencak
silat exponents. Journal of sports
science & medicine, 1(4), 147.
Shapie,
M., Nizam, M., Oliver, J., O'Donoghue, P., & Tong, R. (2013). Activity
profile during action time in national silat competition. Journal of Combat Sports & Martial Arts, 4(1).
Song,
H.-t., Sun, X.-y., Yang, T.-s., Zhang, L.-y., Yang, J.-l., & Bai, J.
(2015). Effects of sleep deprivation on serum cortisol level and mental health
in servicemen. International Journal of
Psychophysiology, 96(3), 169-175.
Sport Singapore. (2015). Pencak Silat Tanding Men's
Class A Finals Vietnam vs Indonesia
(Day 9); 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015. Retrieved at March 19, 2017 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TogWi7jsKcU
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